FOOTNOTES:

Home
(1) http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/index.html

(2) http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-B00001-01c215c.html

(3) Hlady, W.G. and K.C. Klontz. 1996. The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981-1993.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 173: 1176-1183.

Kumamoto, K.S. and D.J. Vukich. 1998. Clinical infections of Vibrio vulnificus: A case report and review of the literature. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 16(1): 61-66.

Shapiro, R.L., S. Altekruse, L. Hutwagner, R. Bishop, R. Hammond, S. Wilson, B. Ray, S. Thompson, R.V. Tauxe, P.M. Griffin, and the Vibrio Working Group. 1998.

The role of Gulf coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus
infections in the United States, 1988-1996.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 178: 752-759.

Processes
(1)This section of the website was heavily borrowed from content found on the Gulf Oyster Industry Council’s website found at http://www.gulfoysters.org.

Are you at-risk?
(1) Daniels, N.A. and A.Shafaie. 2000. A Review of Pathogenic Vibrio Infections for Clinicians. Infect. Med. 17(10): 665-685.

Gulig, P.A., K.L. Bourdage, and A.M. Starks. 2005. Molecular Pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. The Journal of Microbiology. 43(5): 118-131.

Hlady, W.G. and K.C. Klontz. 1996. The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981-1993. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 173: 1176-1183.

Kizer, K.W. 1994. Virbio vulnificus hazard in patients with liver disease. The Western Journal of Medicine. 161(1): 65-67.

Kumamoto, K.S. and D.J. Vukich. 1998. Clinical infections of Vibrio vulnificus: A case report and review of the literature. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 16(1): 61-66.

Shapiro, R.L., S. Altekruse, L. Hutwagner, R. Bishop, R. Hammond, S. Wilson, B. Ray, S. Thompson, R.V. Tauxe, P.M. Griffin, and the Vibrio Working Group. 1998.
The role of Gulf coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988-1996. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 178: 752-759.

Tilton, R.C. and R.W. Ryan. 1987. Clinical and ecological characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus in the northeastern United States. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 6: 109-117.

Vibrio vulnificus and Oysters
(1)Farmer, J.J. III. 1979. Vibrio vulnificus, the bacterium associated with sepsis, septicemia and the sea. Lancet. 2: 903.

(2)Tilton, R.C. and R.W. Ryan. 1987. Clinical and ecological characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus in the northeastern United States. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 6: 109-117.

Hlady, W.G. and K.C. Klontz. 1996. The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981-1993. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 173: 1176-1183.

(3)Gulig, P.A., K.L. Bourdage, and A.M. Starks. 2005. Molecular Pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus. The Journal of Microbiology. 43(5): 118-131.

(4)Shapiro, R.L., S. Altekruse, L. Hutwagner, R. Bishop, R. Hammond, S. Wilson, B. Ray, S. Thompson, R.V. Tauxe, P.M. Griffin, and the Vibrio Working Group. 1998. The role of Gulf coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988-1996. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 178: 752-759.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2004. Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition
Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap10.html

(5)Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference. 2003. National Shellfish Sanitation Program: Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference. 427p.

(6)Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2004. Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition
Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap10.html

(7)Hlady, W.G. and K.C. Klontz. 1996. The epidemiology of Vibrio infections in Florida, 1981-1993. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 173: 1176-1183.

Shapiro, R.L., S. Altekruse, L. Hutwagner, R. Bishop, R. Hammond, S. Wilson, B. Ray, S. Thompson, R.V. Tauxe, P.M. Griffin, and the Vibrio Working Group. 1998. The role of Gulf coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988-1996. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 178: 752-759.

Kumamoto, K.S. and D.J. Vukich. 1998. Clinical infections of Vibrio vulnificus: A case report and review of the literature. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 16(1): 61-66.

Vibrio Symptoms/Treatment
(1)American Medical Association, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, US Food & Drug Administration. 2001. Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses, A primer for physicians. 69p.

Daniels, N. and A. Shafaie. 2000. A review of pathogenic Vibrio infections for clinicians. Journal of Infectious Medicine. 17(10): 665-685.

US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 2000. Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, bad bug book. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/intro.html